Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Quantification of carbon dioxide released from effervescent granules as a predictor of formulation quality using modified Chittick apparatus

Muhammad Sohail Arshad¹, Kabindra Sedhain¹, Amjad Hussain² , Nasir Abbas², Jahanzeb Mudassir¹, Faisal Mehmood², Muhammad Irfan³, Sumera Latif³

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan; ²University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore; ³Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

For correspondence:- Amjad Hussain Email: amjad_husein@hotmail.com Tel:+924299211616

Accepted: 20 February 2019 Published: 31 March 2019

Citation: Arshad MS, Sedhain K, Hussain A, Abbas N, Mudassir J, Mehmood F, et al. Quantification of carbon dioxide released from effervescent granules as a predictor of formulation quality using modified Chittick apparatus. Trop J Pharm Res 2019; 18(3):449-458 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i3.1

© 2019 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a method for the measurement of carbon dioxide (CO₂) released from effervescent formulations.

Methods: Effervescent granules were prepared using sodium bicarbonate and citric acid by fusion and solvent-assisted granulation methods. The amount of CO₂ released was determined from the maximum pressure of gas release, time profile of pressure gradient using modified Chittick apparatus and gravimetric changes following effervescence.

Results: The amount of CO₂ released from effervescent granules prepared by fusion method was 8.125, 8.763 and 7.98 mM/g measured by ideal gas equation, pressure gradient and gravimetric method, respectively. The formulation prepared by solvent-assisted granulation showed 5.525, 5.475 5.36 mM/g of carbon dioxide measured by the above three methods, respectively. The effervescent granules prepared by fusion method showed approximately 2 % loss in effervescence. However, approximately 39 % loss in effervescence was observed for the formulation prepared by solvent-assisted granulation. The commercial products showed a loss in effervescence in the range of 5 - 15%.

Conclusion: Modified Chittick’s apparatus is a useful analytical tool for monitoring of the CO₂ from effervescent granules as a function of method of preparation.

Keywords: Modified Chittick device, Effervescence, Fusion, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Gravimetric method, Effervescent granules